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1.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 76(8): 522-526, Aug. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-950582

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine whether serum levels of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody (anti-AChR-Abs) are related to clinical parameters of blepharospasm (BSP). Methods: Eighty-three adults with BSP, 60 outpatients with hemifacial spasm (HFS) and 58 controls were recruited. Personal history, demographic factors, response to botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) and other neurological conditions were recorded. Anti-AChR-Abs levels were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The anti-AChR Abs levels were 0.237 ± 0.022 optical density units in the BSP group, which was significantly different from the HFS group (0.160 ± 0.064) and control group (0.126 ± 0.038). The anti-AChR Abs level was correlated with age and the duration of response to the BoNT-A injection. Conclusion: Patients with BSP had an elevated anti-AChR Abs titer, which suggests that dysimmunity plays a role in the onset of BSP. An increased anti-AChR Abs titer may be a predictor for poor response to BoNT-A in BSP.


RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar se os níveis séricos do anticorpo antirreceptor de acetilcolina (anti-AChR-Abs) estão relacionados aos parâmetros clínicos do blefaroespasmo (BSP). Métodos: Fora recrutados 83 adultos com BSP, 60 pacientes ambulatoriais com espasmo hemifacial (HFS) e 58 controles. Foi aplicado um questionário para registrar história pessoal, fatores demográficos, resposta à toxina botulínica tipo A (BoNT-A) e outras condições neurológicas. Os níveis de anti-AChR-Abs foram quantificados usando um ensaio imunoenzimático. Resultados: O nível de anti-AChR-Abs foi de 0,237 ± 0,022 unidades de densidade óptica (OD) no grupo BSP, significativamente diferente em comparação com o grupo HFS (0,160 ± 0,064) e o grupo controle (0,126 ± 0,038). O nível de anti-AChR-Abs se correlacionou com a idade e a duração da resposta à injeção de BoNT-A. Conclusão: Pacientes com BSP apresentaram títulos elevados de anti-AChR-Abs, o que sugere que a desimunidade desempenha um papel no surgimento de BSP. O aumento do título de anti-AChR-Abs pode ser um preditor de resposta insuficiente à BoNT-A em BSP.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Autoantibodies/blood , Blepharospasm/blood , Receptors, Cholinergic/immunology , Hemifacial Spasm/blood , Reference Values , Blepharospasm/physiopathology , Blepharospasm/drug therapy , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Case-Control Studies , Sex Factors , Analysis of Variance , Age Factors , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use , Hemifacial Spasm/physiopathology , Hemifacial Spasm/drug therapy , Electromyography , Neuromuscular Agents/therapeutic use
2.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 75(2): 87-91, Feb. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-838866

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a common movement disorder characterized by involuntary tonic or clonic contractions of the muscles innervated by the facial nerve. Objective To evaluate the long-term effect of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in the treatment of HFS. Methods A retrospective analysis of patients treated at the Movement Disorders Outpatient Clinic in the Neurology Service, Hospital de Clínicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, from 2009 to 2013 was carried out. A total of 550 BTX-A injections were administered to 100 HFS patients. Results Mean duration of improvement following each injection session was 3.1 months, mean latency to detection of improvement was 7.1 days and mean success rate was 94.7%. Patients were evaluated at an interval of 5.8 months after each application. Adverse effects, which were mostly minor, were observed in 37% of the patients at least once during follow-up. The most frequent was ptosis (35.1%). Conclusion Treatment of HFS with BTX-A was effective, sustainable and safe and had minimal, well-tolerated side effects.


RESUMO O espasmo hemifacial (EHF) é um distúrbio do movimento comum, caracterizado pela presença de contrações musculares tônicas ou clônicas dos músculos inervados pelo nervo facial. Objetivo Avaliar o efeito em longo prazo do uso da toxina botulínica tipo A (TXB) no tratamento do espasmo hemifacial (EHF). Métodos Foi realizada uma análise retrospectiva de pacientes do Ambulatório de Distúrbios do Movimento do departamento de Neurologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná entre 2009 e 2013. Foram administradas 550 doses em 100 portadores de EHF. Resultados A duração média de efeito foi de 3,14 meses, com latência de 7,10 dias e a taxa de sucesso foi de 94,73%. Os pacientes foram reavaliados pelo médico em um intervalo de 5,76 meses após cada aplicação. Efeitos adversos transitórios, em sua maioria menores, foram observados em 37% dos pacientes ao menos uma vez durante o seguimento e o mais freqüente foi ptose palpebral (35,14%). Conclusão O tratamento do EHF com TXB-A mostrou-se eficaz, sustentado e seguro, com efeitos colaterais mínimos e bem tolerados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use , Hemifacial Spasm/drug therapy , Neuromuscular Agents/therapeutic use , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
3.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 72(2): 119-122, 02/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-702551

ABSTRACT

Primary hemifacial spasm (HFS) is characterized by irregular and involuntary contraction of the muscles innervated by the ipsilateral facial nerve. Treatment controls symptoms and improves quality of life (QoL). Objective : Evaluate the initial diagnosis and treatment of HFS prior to referral to a tertiary center. Method : We interviewed through a standard questionnaire 66 patients currently followed in our center. Results : Mean age: 64.19±11.6 years, mean age of symptoms onset: 51.9±12.5 years, male/female ratio of 1:3. None of the patients had a correct diagnosis in their primary care evaluation. Medication was prescribed to 56.8%. Mean time from symptom onset to botulinum toxin treatment: 4.34 ±7.1 years, with a 95% satisfaction. Thirty percent presented social embarrassment due to HFS. Conclusion : Despite its relatively straightforward diagnosis, all patients had an incorrect diagnosis and treatment on their first evaluation. HFS brings social impairment and the delay in adequate treatment negatively impacts QoL. .


Espasmo hemifacial primário é caracterizado pela contração irregular ou involuntária dos músculos inervados pelo nervo facial ipsilateral. O tratamento é eficaz para controlar sintomas e melhorar a qualidade de vida. Objetivo : Avaliar diagnóstico e tratamento do espasmo hemifacial primário feitos antes do encaminhamento ao centro terciário. Método : Foram coletados retrospectivamente dados de 66 pacientes atualmente acompanhados no nosso serviço através de entrevista padronizada. Resultados : Média de idade: 64,19±11,6 anos; média de idade no início dos sintomas: 51,9±12,5 anos; razão homem/mulher de 1:3. Nenhum dos pacientes foi corretamente diagnosticado na primeira avaliação. Foram prescritos medicamentos para 56,8%. O tempo médio entre início dos sintomas e o tratamento com toxina botulínica foi 4,34±7,1 anos; 95% ficaram satisfeitos com o tratamento; 30% tinham constrangimento social. Conclusão : Embora seja uma condição de relativa facilidade diagnóstica, todos os pacientes tiveram diagnóstico e tratamento incorretos na primeira avaliação. Espasmo hemifacial primário traz constrangimento social, agravado pelo atraso no tratamento adequado. .


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Diagnostic Errors , Hemifacial Spasm/diagnosis , Botulinum Toxins/therapeutic use , Facial Nerve , Hemifacial Spasm/drug therapy , Neuromuscular Agents/therapeutic use , Primary Health Care , Quality of Life , Retrospective Studies
4.
Pakistan Journal of Neurological Sciences. 2013; 8 (4): 23-30
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-139782

ABSTRACT

To determine the effectiveness of Botulinum toxin in the treatment of Benign Essential Blepharospasm [BEB] and Hemifacial spasm [NFS] at a tertiary care hospital. Neurology Department, Bolan Medical Complex Hospital, Quetta. 30 months from 15 March 2010 to August 2012. Quasi experimental study. All patients referred to neurophysiology laboratory for Botox [BTX] injection were enrolled in the study after taking written consent. Botox injection 1.25 units was used for BEB and 3.0 units used for HFS given in the laboratory. Patients were observed for any immediate complications and then followed at two weeks for start of improvement and side effects and then at one, three and six months for duration of lasting improvement and any side effects. In this hospital based study we enrolled 30 patients with the diagnosis of BEB and HFS. The average age of the patients was 52.47 +/- 11.59. Out of 30 patients 57% were male and 43% were female with 1.3:1 male to female ratio. Blepharospasm was observed in 53.3% patients and hemifacial spasm was observed in 46.7% patients. In 50% of patients the onset of improvement was within 4-7 days. 93.4% of patients had improvement at the end of one month and 80% patients had improvement at 3 months follow up. Total duration of benefit lasted for up to 4-5 months in 46.6% of patients, 30% patients had benefit lasting for more than 5 months. 16.7% patients noticed benefit for up to 3 months and only 6.7% patients had benefit of only 2 months. Side effects such as Ptosis, diplopia, photophobia, redness of eyes, dry eyes and facial weakness occurred in 23% of patients in first week and up to one month while only 6.7% patients continued to have side effects at 3 months. This is the first study of its kind in our local population. This study concludes that the BTX is highly effective in the management of BEB and HFS and it is well tolerated


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Blepharospasm/drug therapy , Hemifacial Spasm/drug therapy , Tertiary Care Centers , Neuromuscular Agents , Treatment Outcome , Hemifacial Spasm/drug therapy
5.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 71(6): 368-371, nov.-dez. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-662730

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a medida da fenda palpebral em pacientes com blefaroespasmo essencial benigno (BEB) e espasmo hemifacial (EHF) após a aplicação periocular de toxina botulínica tipo A. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados pacientes portadores de BEB e EHF submetidos à injeção periocular de toxina botulínica tipo A pela técnica inner orbital de aplicação. Os pacientes foram fotografados em PPO antes da aplicação e catorze dias depois dela. A fenda palpebral foi mensurada nestas imagens por meio de processamento computadorizado de imagens, utilizando o programa ImageJ. As alterações da fenda palpebral foram observadas comparando-se as medidas obtidas no pré e pós-aplicação. RESULTADOS: Comparando-se as imagens obtidas com o programa ImageJ, houve aumento estatisticamente significante (p<0,001) da fenda palpebral em 14 olhos (51,8%) após a aplicação de injeção periocular da toxina botulínica e nenhuma das imagens analisadas apresentou diminuição da fenda palpebral. CONCLUSÃO: No presente estudo, os pacientes portadores de distonias faciais apresentaram aumento de fenda palpebral estatisticamente significante após aplicação periocular de toxina botulínica tipo A.


PURPOSE: To evaluate the measurement of palpebral fissure in patients with facial dystonias before and after periocular injection with botulinum toxin type A. METHODS: We studied patients with benign essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm underwent periocular injection of botulinum toxin type A by the inner orbital technique of application. Patients were photographed 14 days before and after application. The palpebral fissure was measured in these images by means of computerized image processing using the program ImageJ. The palpebral fissure changes were observed by comparing the measurements obtained before and after application. RESULTS: Comparing the images obtained with the program ImageJ, there was a statistically significant increase (p <0.001) of the palpebral fissure in 14 eyes (51,8%) after the application of periocular injection of botulinum toxin and the images analyzed showed no decrease of the palpebral fissure. CONCLUSION: In this study, patients with facial dystonias showed increased palpebral fissure periocular statistically significant after application of botulinum toxin type A.


Subject(s)
Humans , Blepharospasm/drug therapy , Dystonia/drug therapy , Hemifacial Spasm/drug therapy , Neuromuscular Agents/adverse effects , Neuromuscular Agents/therapeutic use , Weights and Measures , Eyelids , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/adverse effects , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use
6.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 74(6): 414-416, nov.-dez. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-613440

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as aberrações ópticas de alta ordem em pacientes com distonias faciais tratados com toxina botulínica tipo A. MÉTODOS: Pacientes com diagnóstico clínico de espasmo hemifacial ou blefaroespasmo essencial em atividade foram submetidos ao exame biomicroscópico e à análise de frente de ondas através do aberrômetro Alcon LADARvision®, sob midríase medicamentosa. A seguir, foram tratados com injeções de toxina botulínica tipo A. Após um mês, a análise de frente de ondas foi repetida da mesma forma e pelo mesmo oftalmologista. As aberrações de alta ordem foram comparadas antes e após o tratamento. O teste T pareado foi utilizado para comparar os valores numéricos antes e após o tratamento. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos no estudo um total de 11 pacientes, 6 com blefaroespasmo essencial (54,5 por cento) e 5 com espasmo hemifacial (45,5 por cento). Nos pacientes com espasmo hemifacial foram analisados apenas o lado acometido, totalizando 17 olhos com espasmo. A idade variou de 50 a 72 anos, com média de 65,9 ± 8,2 anos. Oito pacientes eram do sexo feminino (72,7 por cento), sendo a relação masculino/feminino de 1:2,6. A média do "root mean square" (RMS) das aberrações de alta ordem foi 0,68 antes e 0,63 após um mês do tratamento (p=0,01). A média da aberração esférica foi de 0,23 e 0,17 antes e após o tratamento respectivamente (p=0,01). Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes nos demais tipos de aberrações de alta ordem após o tratamento (p>0,05). CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento com toxina botulínica A pode diminuir as aberrações esféricas em pacientes com distonias faciais.


PURPOSE: To analyze the ocular wavefront aberrations in patients with facial dystonia treated with botulinum toxin A. METHODS: Patients with benign essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm in activity underwent slit lamp examination and bilateral wavefront analysis under pharmacologic mydriasis using Alcon LADARvision® wavefront aberrometry system. After that, all patients were treated with botulinum toxin A injections performed by the same ophthalmologist. After one month, the wavefront analysis was performed in the same way and by the same examiner. The main outcome measure was the change in ocular wavefront aberrations. Paired T-test was used to compare pre and post-injection numeric wavefront values. RESULTS: From a total of 11 patients enrolled in this study, 6 (54.5 percent) had essential blepharospasm and 5 (45.5 percent) had hemifacial spasm. The fellow eyes of patients with hemifacial spasm were not included, totalizing 17 eyes with spasm. Eight patients were female (72.7 percent) and three were male (27.3 percent), the male:female ratio was 1:2.6. The age ranged from 50 to 72 years old with a mean of 65.9 ± 8.2 years. The mean of high order root mean square (RMS) wavefront aberrations was 0.68 before and 0.63 one month after the treatment (p=0.01). Before the treatment, the mean of spherical aberration was 0.23 and decreased to 0.17 one month after the treatment (p=0.01). There was no significant difference in the other higher-order aberrations before and after the treatment (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: The treatment with botulium toxin may decrease spherical aberrations in patients with facial dystonia.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Blepharospasm/drug therapy , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use , Corneal Wavefront Aberration/drug therapy , Dystonia/drug therapy , Hemifacial Spasm/drug therapy , Neuromuscular Agents/therapeutic use , Blepharospasm/physiopathology , Dystonia/physiopathology , Hemifacial Spasm/physiopathology , Treatment Outcome
7.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 70(6): 363-366, nov.-dez. 2011. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-612907

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Determinar a variação da ceratometria em olhos de pacientes portadores de espasmo hemifacial submetidos a tratamento com toxina botulínica. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 18 pacientes portadores de espasmo hemifacial que foram submetidos ao exame oftalmológico completo, além da topografia corneana e Orbscan previamente à aplicação de toxina botulínica tipo A e 1 mês após o procedimento. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre a ceratometria encontrada pela topografia corneana ou diferença no BFS ("best fit sphere") anterior e posterior e índice de Roush avaliados pelo Orbscan nos olhos acometidos pelo espasmo em relação ao olho contralateral quando comparados antes e após o procedimento. CONCLUSÃO: Neste estudo, não encontramos diferença entre olhos com espasmo hemifacial e olhos sem essa condição quando avaliados a ceratometria, o índice de Roush e o BFS corneano antes e após tratamento.


PURPOSE: To determine the corneal keratometric variation in patients' eyes with unilateral hemifacial spasm which underwent treatment with botulinum toxin and set against control group. METHODS: Eighteen patients with hemifacial spasm were submitted to complete ophthalmologic exam, corneal topography and Orbscan previously botulinum toxin application and one month afterwards. They were evaluated for keratometry, BFS (anterior and posterior) and Roush value. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences between eyes with hemi facial spasm and normal eyes related to keratometric values by topography and in the parameters evaluated by Orbscan as Roush and best fit sphere (anterior or posterior) prior to or after treatment with botulinum toxin. CONCLUSION: This study has not shown statistical difference between the corneal curvatures when compared eyes with hemi facial spasm with the opposite normal eyes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/administration & dosage , Cornea/pathology , Hemifacial Spasm/drug therapy , Corneal Topography/methods , Prospective Studies , Biometry , Hemifacial Spasm/complications
8.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 73(5): 405-408, Sept.-Oct. 2010. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-570499

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência da toxina botulínica na função lacrimal de pacientes com distonias faciais. MÉTODOS: Pacientes com diagnóstico de espasmo hemifacial ou blefaroespasmo essencial em atividade foram clinicamente avaliados e responderam questionário de desconforto ocular (OSDI) e foram submetidos aos testes de Schirmer I e basal, tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal e clearance da lágrima para avaliação da função lacrimal. No dia seguinte, os pacientes receberam tratamento padronizado com toxina botulínica. O questionário e todos os exames iniciais foram repetidos 30 dias após o tratamento pelo mesmo examinador. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 26 pacientes no estudo, sendo 15 (57,7 por cento) com espasmo hemifacial e 11(42,3 por cento) com blefaroespasmo essencial. Nos pacientes com espasmo hemifacial a média de idade foi 70,9 ± 13,3 anos e a relação masculino/feminino foi de 1:1,5. Nos pacientes com blefaroespasmo essencial a mé­dia de idade foi 68,9 ± 8,4 anos com predomínio do sexo feminino (90,9 por cento). Após o tratamento o escore do OSDI e os valores dos testes de Schirmer I e basal diminuíram significantemente nos dois grupos. O valor médio da ruptura do filme lacrimal aumentou significantemente nos dois grupos. No teste do clearance da lágrima houve um aumento no número de olhos que apresentaram drenagem completa da lágrima após o tratamento nos dois grupos. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento com toxina botulínica melhorou os sintomas de olho seco em pacientes com distonias faciais. Apesar da porção aquosa da lágrima ter diminuído, as alterações no piscar aumentaram a estabilidade e melhoraram a drenagem da lágrima.


PURPOSE: To analyze the influence of botulinum toxin on the lacrimal function of patients with facial dystonias. METHODS: Patients with the diagnosis of hemifacial spasm or benign essential blepharospasm were evaluated and invited to answer the Ocular Surface Index Disease (OSID) questionnaire. All patients underwent Schirmer I and basal tests; break-up time (BUT) test and lacrimal clearance evaluation. On the following day, the patients were treated with botulinum toxin. The Ocular Surface Index Disease questionnaire and all the initial tests were reapplied 30 days after the treatment by the same examiner. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients were enrolled in this study, 15 (57.7 percent) with hemifacial spasm and 11 (42.3 percent) with benign essential blepharospasm. The mean age of patients with hemifacial spasm was 70.9 ± 13.3 years and the male:female ratio was 1:1.5. In the group of patients with benign essential blepharospasm, the mean age was 68.9 ± 8.4 years with a female preponderance (90.0 percent). After the treatment, the Ocular Surface Index Disease score, Schirmer I and basal tests score decreased in both groups. The mean of Break-up time test increased significantly in both groups. The lacrimal clearance evaluation showed a greater number of eyes that achieved a complete drainage of the tears after the treatment in both groups. CONCLUSION: The treatment with botulinum toxin improved dry eye symptoms in patients with facial dystonia. Despite of the aqueous portion of tear have decreased, blink modifications improved the tear stability and drainage.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Blepharospasm/drug therapy , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use , Hemifacial Spasm/drug therapy , Lacrimal Apparatus/drug effects , Neuromuscular Agents/therapeutic use , Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological , Dry Eye Syndromes/drug therapy , Lacrimal Apparatus/metabolism , Treatment Outcome
9.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 68(4): 502-505, Aug. 2010.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-555225

ABSTRACT

In order to evaluate the long-term effect of botulinum toxin type A (BTX) in the treatment of hemifacial spasm (HFS), a retrospective analysis of patients treated at the Movement Disorders Unit of the Division of Neurology, Clinical Hospital, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine from 1993 to 2004 was made. A total of 808 injections with BTX were administered to 54 patients with HFS. The mean duration of improvement per application was 3.46 months and the mean rate of improvement using subjective judgement by the patient was of 83 percent. Adverse effects, mostly minor, were observed in 64.8 percent of patients at least once along the period of follow-up and the most frequent of them was orbicularis oris paralysis (38.8 percent). There was no decrement in response when compared the first and the last injection recorded.


Para avaliar o efeito em longo prazo da toxina botulínica tipo A (TXB) no tratamento do espasmo hemifacial (EHF), foi feita uma análise retrospectiva de pacientes tratados no Ambulatório de Distúrbios do Movimento da Divisão de Clínica Neurológica - Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo no período de 1993 a 2004. Um total de 808 aplicações de TXB foram administradas a 54 pacientes com EHF. A duração média de melhora foi de 3,46 meses e a taxa média de melhora segundo avaliação subjetiva do paciente foi de 83 por cento. Efeitos adversos, em sua maioria menores, foram observados em 64,8 por cento dos pacientes ao menos uma vez durante o seguimento e o mais freqüente foi paralisia do orbicular da boca (38,3 por cento). Não se observou decremento na resposta quando se comparou a primeira com a última aplicação anotada.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use , Hemifacial Spasm/drug therapy , Neuromuscular Agents/therapeutic use , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/adverse effects , Follow-Up Studies , Neuromuscular Agents/adverse effects , Retrospective Studies , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
10.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 71(6): 894-901, nov.-dez. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-503463

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Verificar a ocorrência dos efeitos adversos relacionados ao uso da toxina botulínica na face, por meio de revisão sistemática, usando meta-análise. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada pesquisa eletrônica de artigos publicados no MEDLINE e Cochrane Library até setembro de 2007. A ocorrência dos efeitos adversos foi verificada pela freqüência relativa para os relatos de casos e do risco relativo para os estudos randomizados. A heterogeneidade foi avaliada pelo teste Q e pelo índice I². Foi utilizado o teste de significância de Egger para identificar viés de publicação e a análise de sensibilidade para verificar o efeito dos viéses de publicação. RESULTADOS: Oito estudos randomizados e treze relatos de casos preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Na revisão sistemática dos relatos de casos, 1.003 pacientes foram estudados, dos quais 182 (18,14 por cento) apresentaram efeitos adversos. O efeito adverso mais freqüente foi a ptose palpebral ocorrendo em 34 (3,39 por cento) pacientes dos relatos de casos. Na meta-análise dos estudos randomizados, o risco relativo global para os efeitos adversos como cefaléia, ptose palpebral, reação local e infecção foi 1,07, 3,25, 0,99 e 0,94, respectivamente. Para todas as comparações, o valor de P foi maior que 0,05. CONCLUSÃO: O efeito adverso mais freqüente e que apresentou o maior risco relativo relacionado ao uso da toxina botulínica na face foi a ptose palpebral. A padronização dos efeitos adversos relatados é necessária a fim de melhor estabelecer as características dos mesmos.


PURPOSE: To estimate the occurrence of adverse effects associated with the use of botulinum toxin by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: A systematic literature search of MEDLINE and Cochrane Library was conducted until September 2007. The occurrence of the adverse effects was estimated of the relative frequency for case report and of the relative risk for randomized trials. Heterogeneity was evaluated with the Q test and I² index. Egger's significance test was used to identify the publication bias. Sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of the publication biases. RESULTS: Eight randomized trials and thirteen case reports filled the inclusion criteria. In the systematic review of case reports, 1,003 subjects were studied and 182 (18.14 percent) showed adverse effects. Eyelid ptosis was the most frequent adverse effect, presenting in 34 (3.39 percent) patients of the case reports. In the meta-analysis of randomized trials, the overall relative risk for adverse effects as headache, eyelid ptosis, local reaction and infection was respectively: 1.07, 3.25, 0.99 and 0.94. For all comparisons, P values were greater than 0.05. CONCLUSION: Ptosis was the most frequent adverse effect and showed the higher relative risk associated with botulinum toxin. It is necessary to perform a pattern of adverse effects related for better understanding the relationship between adverse effects and use of botulinum toxin.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Dyskinesia Agents/adverse effects , Botulinum Toxins/adverse effects , Cosmetic Techniques/adverse effects , Blepharoptosis/epidemiology , Blepharoptosis/etiology , Blepharospasm/drug therapy , Hemifacial Spasm/drug therapy , Publication Bias , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
11.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-38623

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reliability and validity of the Thai version of disease-specific health-related quality of life instrument for patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS) as well as their response to botulinum toxin treatment. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A Thai version of HFS-30 has been developed with the permission of the author. Thirty patients with HFS were asked to complete this Thai HFS-30, the 6-point disability scale before treatment and between four and six weeks after botulinum toxin injections. Peak improvement (0-100%) was subjectively assessed by each patient between four and six weeks after injection. They were also asked to answer the existing Thai SF-36 questionnaire before treatment to test its correlation with Thai HFS-30. Another group of ten patients completed the questionnaire and then a second identical copy after a 2-week interval. The reliability, validity, and responsiveness were subsequently analyzed. RESULTS: The Thai HFS-30 showed a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.78 and no significant difference of a test-retest reliability. The total content validity was 0.88 (range 0.5-1.0). There were good correlations between both the Physical and Mental Health parts of the Thai HFS-30 and Thai SF-36 (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The Thai HFS-30 also demonstrated a response to treatment similar to the 6-point disability scale and the peak improvement. CONCLUSION: The Thai version of HFS-30 is a valid, reliable, and sensitive to change instrument for disease specific health-related quality of life assessment.


Subject(s)
Anti-Dyskinesia Agents/therapeutic use , Botulinum Toxins/therapeutic use , Female , Health Status Indicators , Health Surveys , Hemifacial Spasm/drug therapy , Humans , Male , Mental Health , Middle Aged , Psychological Tests , Psychometrics , Quality of Life/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results , Thailand
12.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 65(3b): 783-786, set. 2007. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-465179

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compared the clinical features of 373 patients with primary and postparalytic hemifacial spasm (HFS). METHOD: Data analyzed were gender, ethnicity, age at symptom onset, disease duration, affected side, distribution of facial spasm at onset, hypertension, family history of HFS, previous history of facial palsy and latency between facial palsy and HFS. RESULTS:The prevalence of patients with Asian origin was similar in both groups such as female/male ratio, mean age at symptom onset, disease duration, affected side and distribution at onset of facial twitching. The upper left side of the face was the main affected region at onset. Almost 40 percent of the patients in both groups had hypertension. A prevalence of vascular abnormalities on the posterior fossa was seen in 7 percent and 12.5 percent of both groups. CONCLUSION: The clinical profile and radiological findings of patients with primary and postparalytic HFS are similar. The association of hypertension with vascular abnormalities and HFS was not frequent.


OBJETIVO: Comparar características clínicas de 373 pacientes com espasmo hemifacial (EHF) primário e pós-paralítico. MÉTODO: Os dados analisados foram: sexo, etnia, idade no início dos sintomas, duração da doença, lado afetado, distribuição dos espasmos no início da doença, hipertensão arterial, história familiar de EHF, história prévia de paralisia facial periférica e latência entre a paralisia facial e o início do EHF. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de pacientes com origem asiática foi semelhante em ambos os grupos assim como razão homem/mulher, média de idade no início dos sintomas, duração da doença, lado afetado e distribuição dos espasmos no início dos sintomas. O quadrante superior esquerdo da face foi o lado mais afetado no início dos sintomas. Quase 40 por cento dos pacientes em ambos os grupos tinha hipertensão arterial. A prevalência de anormalidades vasculares na fossa posterior foi observada, respectivamente, em 7 por cento e 12,5 por cento dos casos. CONCLUSÃO: O perfil clínico e também radiológico dos pacientes com EHF primário e pós-paralítico foi semelhante. A associação entre hipertensão arterial e anormalidades vasculares na fossa posterior não foi freqüente.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Facial Paralysis/complications , Hemifacial Spasm , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use , Follow-Up Studies , Hemifacial Spasm/diagnosis , Hemifacial Spasm/drug therapy , Hemifacial Spasm/etiology , Hypertension/complications , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Reaction Time , Retrospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
13.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 65(3b): 855-857, set. 2007. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-465196

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The association of hemifacial spasm (HFS), Chiari type I malformation (CIM) and neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) has not been described yet. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 31-year-old woman with NF1 who developed a right-sided HFS. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) a CIM was seen without syringomyelia. The patient has been successfully treated with botulinum toxin type A injections for 5 years without major side effects. CONCLUSION:Clinical features of HFS, CMI and NF1 are highlighted together with their possible relationship. Also, therapeutic strategies are also discussed.


INTRODUÇÃO: A associação entre espasmo hemifacial (EHF), malformação de Chiari tipo I (MCI) e neurofibromatose tipo I (NFI) ainda não foi descrita. RELATO DO CASO: Relatamos o caso de mulher com 31 anos com NFI que desenvolveu EHF à direita. Na ressonância magnética (RM) foi observada MCI sem seringomielia associada. A paciente foi tratada com sucesso com toxina botulínica tipo A por 5 anos sem efeitos colaterais. CONCLUSÃO: Ressaltamos as características clínicas do EHF, MCI e NFI assim como uma possível relação entre elas. Além disto, discutimos também estratégias terapêuticas.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Arnold-Chiari Malformation/complications , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use , Hemifacial Spasm/etiology , Neurofibromatoses/complications , Hemifacial Spasm/drug therapy , Magnetic Resonance Imaging
14.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 69(5): 701-705, set.-out. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-439318

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os custos do tratamento para blefaroespasmo essencial e espasmo hemifacial com toxina botulínica tipo A (Dysport®), correlacionando-os com sua eficácia terapêutica. MÉTODOS: Análise de 50 prontuários de pacientes com blefaroespasmo essencial e espasmo hemifacial, submetidos à terapia com Dysport®, no período de abril de 2002 a maio de 2004 no setor de Oculo-Plástica da Santa Casa de São Paulo. Dos 50 pacientes, 27 apresentavam blefaroespasmo essencial e 23 espasmo hemifacial. Informações sobre grau de satisfação, queixas e custos pessoais foram obtidas mediante questionário. Os custos do medicamento e dos materiais foram pesquisados no almoxarifado e na farmácia da Santa Casa. Quanto ao custo das consultas, utilizou-se a tabela de pagamento do SUS. Para a estatística foram utilizados os testes de Wilcoxon e Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: O custo total anual do tratamento foi de R$ 1.239,32 para o blefaroespasmo essencial e R$ 661,72 para o espasmo hemifacial. Para o paciente, o custo anual foi de R$ 145,48 para o blefaroespasmo essencial e R$ 126,07 para o espasmo hemifacial. Para o hospital, o custo anual foi de R$ 1.095,84 para o blefaroespasmo essencial e R$ 535,65 para o espasmo hemifacial. O tratamento com Dysport® promoveu melhora funcional significativa nos dois grupos. CONCLUSÃO: O procedimento tem custo elevado, principalmente devido ao preço da toxina. Entretanto, pela análise econômica da saúde fica demonstrado que o procedimento possui excelente relação custo-benefício.


PURPOSE: To evaluate the costs and efficacy of type A botulinum toxin in the treatment of essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm. METHODS: Pacients with essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm had their files analyzed. All patients were treated with type A botulinum toxin (Dysport®) between April 2002 and May 2004 at the Oculoplastic Clinics of "Santa Casa de São Paulo". Twenty-seven patients presented essential blepharospasm and 23 presented hemifacial spasm. Information about the patient's degree of satisfaction after treatment, complaints and personal costs were recorded by a questionnaire, and information about the costs of Dysport® treatment were obtained at the administration department of "Santa Casa de São Paulo". Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: 1- The annual treatment costs were R$ 1,239.32 for essential blepharospasm and R$ 661.72 for hemifacial spasm. 2- The patient's annual costs were R$ 145.48 for essential blepharospasm and R$ 6.07 for hemifacial spasm. 3- The hospital's annual costs for the treatment were R$ 1,095.84 for essential blepharospasm and R$ 535.65 for hemifacial spasm. 4- Dysport® treatment is successful in both essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm. CONCLUSIONS:. The costs of essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm treatment with Dysport® are high, mainly because of the toxin price. On economic analysis of health, we can conclude that this procedure has an excellent cost-benefit ratio.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Blepharospasm/drug therapy , Blepharospasm/economics , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/economics , Hemifacial Spasm/drug therapy , Hemifacial Spasm/economics , Neurotoxins/economics , Blepharospasm/physiopathology , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Follow-Up Studies , Hemifacial Spasm/physiopathology , Neurotoxins/therapeutic use , Patient Satisfaction , Statistics, Nonparametric , Treatment Outcome
15.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 69(3): 319-322, maio-jun. 2006. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-433793

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Determinar o efeito da toxina botulínica no filme lacrimal em pacientes com distonia facial. MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos 24 pacientes portadores de blefaroespasmo essencial e espasmo hemifacial que receberam aplicação de toxina botulínica tipo A que foram submetidos à propedêutica do filme lacrimal previamente à aplicação e após, com 7 e 30 dias. RESULTADOS: Houve diminuição das queixas de olho seco trinta dias após a aplicação, entretanto, o tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal e o teste de Schirmer não demonstraram variação significativa entre os períodos pré-tratamento e 1 mês da aplicação. Em relação ao teste de coloração com rosa bengala, todos os olhos que coraram no pré-tratamento, melhoraram na última avaliação. CONCLUSÃO: A injeção de toxina botulínica pode aliviar as queixas de olho seco nos pacientes com distonia facial pela provável ação de inibição do orbicular na sua função de bomba lacrimal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Blepharospasm/drug therapy , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use , Dry Eye Syndromes/etiology , Hemifacial Spasm/drug therapy , Neuromuscular Agents/therapeutic use , Tears/drug effects , Blepharospasm/complications , Dystonic Disorders/drug therapy , Hemifacial Spasm/complications , Prospective Studies , Time Factors
16.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 69(1): 23-26, jan.-fev. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-420812

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Conhecer as características dos portadores de blefarospasmo essencial e espasmo hemifacial, assim como a resposta ao tratamento utilizando toxina botulínica A. MÉTODOS: Trinta e quatro portadores de blefarospasmo essencial ou espasmo hemifacial foram avaliados quanto a idade, sexo, queixas oculares, tempo de existência da doenca, tipo de comprometimento, complicacões e resultado do tratamento com toxina botulínica A. RESULTADOS: A mediana da idade dos pacientes foi de 63 anos e a média, de 61 anos, sem diferenca quanto ao sexo; 66,66 por cento possuíam espasmo hemifacial e 33,33 por cento, blefarospasmo essencial. Vários pacientes apresentavam também olho seco. A melhora com a utilizacão da toxina botulínica A ocorreu em 91,30 por cento dos pacientes tratados. As complicacões com o tratamento foram ptose palpebral (8,33 por cento) e desvio da rima bucal (8,33 por cento). CONCLUSAO: O blefarospasmo essencial e o espasmo hemifacial geralmente acometem idosos, de ambos os sexos. O tratamento com a toxina botulínica A é eficiente, com índice muito baixo de complicacões.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Blepharospasm/drug therapy , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use , Hemifacial Spasm/drug therapy , Neuromuscular Agents/therapeutic use , Treatment Outcome
17.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 68(4): 471-474, jul.-ago. 2005. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-417786

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Estudar a eficácia do tratamento com toxina botulínica nos pacientes com distonia facial e a satisfação com o tratamento ao longo do tempo. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de 42 pacientes portadores de distonia facial acompanhados no setor de Plástica Ocular da Clínica Oftalmológica do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo. RESULTADOS: Após as primeiras aplicações, 45,2 por cento dos pacientes deram notas entre 9-10 para melhora do espasmo, 35,7 por cento deram notas entre 7-8, 16,7 por cento deram notas entre 5-6 e apenas um paciente deu nota 4. Em relação ao intervalo de reaparecimento do espasmo, 4,8 por cento dos pacientes referiram entre 5-6 meses, 64,2 por cento entre 3-4 meses e 31 por cento entre 1-2 meses. Ao longo do tratamento, 76,1 por cento dos pacientes referiram manter a mesma nota sobre a melhora do espasmo, 19,1 por cento referiram melhora do resultado nas aplicações e apenas 4,8 por cento referiram piora da eficácia nas aplicações atuais. Quanto ao tempo de retorno do espasmo após aplicação, 64,2 por cento relataram não haver mudança ao longo do seguimento no serviço, 16,7 por cento relataram aumento e 19,1 por cento relataram diminuição do intervalo de remissão dos sintomas. Após aplicação, 19 por cento dos pacientes apresentaram efeitos colaterais e 73,8 por cento dos pacientes referiram desconforto apenas leve ou moderado em relação à aplicação. CONCLUSÕES: O uso da toxina botulínica foi eficaz e não houve alteração da eficácia ao longo do tempo. São poucos os efeitos colaterais e boa tolerância à administração. É boa alternativa para melhorar a qualidade de vida desses pacientes evitando a cegueira funcional causada por essas doenças.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anti-Dyskinesia Agents/therapeutic use , Blepharospasm/drug therapy , Hemifacial Spasm/drug therapy , Patient Satisfaction , Botulinum Toxins/therapeutic use , Dystonic Disorders , Surveys and Questionnaires , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
18.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-42014

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hemifacial Sapsm (HFS) is a common movement disorder in Thailand. Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) is an effective and safe treatment for this condition. The success of BTA treatment depends on the experience of the clinician. OBJECTIVE: To study the demographic data, efficacy and safety of low dose BTA injection in HFS patients. SETTING: The Spastic and Dystonia Clinic, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. DESIGN: Open-label, prospective case-series study. PATIENTS: All patients with HFS referred for BTA injection from December 1st, 1995 to November 30th, 2003. METHOD: Sex, age, side of spasm, onset of symptoms before BTA injection, underlying diseases, sites of BTA injection, dose of each BTA treatment, duration of response, efficacy, and side-effects were analyzed. 3-5 units of BOTOX were intramuscularly injected per site to all muscles that had spasm. After injection, a 20-minute cold compression on the first day was followed by 20-minute warm compression with massage at each injection site per day for 14 days. RESULTS : A total of 112 patients with HFS were treated with 874 BTA treatments. There were 71 females (63.4%) and 41 males (36.6%). The mean age was 45 years. 75 patients (67%) were affected on the left side. Mean duration of symptoms was 3.4 years. The sites of injection were orbicularis occuli and orbicularis oris muscles in all 874 treatments (100%). The mean dose of all treatments was 25 units. The mean initial dose was 30.5 units. The mean dose for subsequent injection was 23 units. The mean duration between treatments was 4.7 months. The mean initial duration was 3.5 months. The mean duration for subsequent injection was 4.8 months. The outcomes of treatment assessed at 4 weeks after injection classified as excellent (>80% improvement) were found in 845 treatments (96.7%). Most treatments had no complication (91.9%). Ptosis, facial paresis and double vision were mild and transient, lasting 1-4 weeks. There were no long-term complications of BTA treatment in the present series. CONCLUSION: Low dose BTA injection is an effective treatment for hemifacial spasm patients. There was a longer duration of response in subsequent injections and a lower complication rate in the present study when compared to others.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/administration & dosage , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Hemifacial Spasm/drug therapy , Humans , Injections, Intramuscular , Male , Middle Aged , Neuromuscular Agents/administration & dosage , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
19.
Neurol India ; 1999 Sep; 47(3): 206-9
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-120389

ABSTRACT

Twenty seven patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS) and sixteen patients with blepharospasm (BS) having mean Jankovic disability rating scale score of 2.56+0.58 SD and 2.81+0.54 SD, respectively, were treated with botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injections. The total number of injection sessions were ninety one with relief response in 98.91%. The mean improvement in function scale score was 3.78+0.64 SD and 3.29+1.07 SD respectively, in HFS and BS groups. The clinical benefit induced by botulinum toxin lasted for a mean of 4.46+3.11 SD (range 2 to 13) months in HFS group and 2.66+1.37 SD (range 1 to 6) months, in BS groups. Transient ptosis was seen in 4.39% of total ninety one injection sessions. These findings show that local botulinum toxin treatment provides effective, safe and long lasting relief of spasms.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Blepharospasm/drug therapy , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use , Follow-Up Studies , Hemifacial Spasm/drug therapy , Humans , Middle Aged , Neuromuscular Agents/therapeutic use , Time Factors
20.
SPJ-Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. 1999; 7 (4): 216-222
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-52853

ABSTRACT

The long-term efficacy of Botulinun Toxin in the treatment of focal dystonias, hemifacial spasm and spasticity was assessed in all patients treated at King Khalid University Hospital between February 1991 and December 1998. A satisfactory response was initially obtained and later on sustained in the majority of patients with hemifacial and blepharospasm [91%], spasmodic torticollis [75%] and spasticity [61%]. In writer's cramp favourable response was restricted to a smaller group [22%], however this effect was sustained in most responders. Most patients with hemidystonia or generalized dystonia showed poor response inspite of using high doses. Peak responses were noted 4-5 weeks after treatment and the beneficial effect lasted for a mean of 14 weeks. In general, this benefit was persistent with repeated injections over 1.5-7 years of follow-up, with apparent tendency for total dose as well as side effects reduction. Local side effects were mild and short-lived, while systemic side effects were not observed. Botulinum toxin is a safe medication of considerable persistent benefits in treating hemifacial spasm, blepharospasm, spasmodic torticollis, certain group of writer's cramp and spasticity. Other potential indications for BTX-A use are reviewed


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Botulinum Toxins, Type A , Dystonic Disorders/drug therapy , Hemifacial Spasm/drug therapy , Blepharospasm/drug therapy , Torticollis/drug therapy , Muscle Spasticity/drug therapy , Hospitals, University
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